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---
name: database-redis
description: "Expert rules for caching, key management, and performance in Redis. Use when implementing Redis caching strategies, managing key namespaces, or optimizing Redis performance. (triggers: **/*.ts, **/*.js, **/redis.config.ts, redis, cache, ttl, eviction)"
---
# Redis Best Practices
## **Priority: P0 (CRITICAL)**
- **Security**:
- **Access Control**: Use Redis 6.0+ ACLs (`ACL SETUSER`) to restrict commands by user/role.
- **Encryption**: Always enable TLS for data-in-transit (standard in managed Redis like Azure/AWS).
- **Dangerous Commands**: Disable or rename `FLUSHALL`, `KEYS`, `CONFIG`, and `SHUTDOWN` in production.
- **Connection Resilience**:
- **Pooling**: Use connection pooling with tuned high/low watermarks to avoid connection churn.
- **Timeouts**: Set strict `read_timeout` and `connect_retries` to handle transient network saturation.
## Guidelines
- **Key Design**:
- **Namespacing**: Use colons to namespace keys (e.g., `app:user:123`, `rate:limit:ip:1.1.1.1`).
- **Readability vs Size**: Keep keys descriptive but compact; avoid keys > 512 bytes.
- **Commands & Performance**:
- **O(N) Avoidance**: Use `SCAN` instead of `KEYS`. Use `UNLINK` instead of `DEL` for background reclamation of large keys.
- **Lua Scripting**: Prioritize `EVALSHA` for atomic logic; ensure scripts are pre-loaded to save bandwidth.
- **Massive Range**: Limit `ZRANGE`, `HGETALL`, and `LRANGE` results with offsets/limits.
- **Memory Management**:
- **Eviction Strategy**: Use `allkeys-lru` for general caches and `volatile-lru` for mixed persistent/ephemeral data.
- **Lazy Freeing**: Enable `lazyfree-lazy-eviction` and `lazyfree-lazy-expire` (Redis 4.0+) to offload cleanup from the main thread.
- **Monitoring**: Watch `Used Memory RSS` vs `Used Memory Dataset`. Large fragmentation suggests a need for `MEMORY PURGE` or scaling.
## Anti-Patterns
- **No sole truth in Redis**: Always persist critical data to a durable primary database.
- **No large blobs**: Split values > 100KB into smaller keys or use Hashes for field access.
- **No JSON for objects**: Use `HSET` for object fields to enable O(1) access without full decode.
- **No TTL-less keys**: Set TTL or eviction policy on all non-permanent keys to prevent unbounded growth.
## References
- [Best Practices Guide](references/best-practices.md)
- [Checklist](references/checklist.md)
