Plan additive, zero-downtime schema migrations with rollout, backfill, and rollback awareness. Use when renaming columns, backfilling data, or shipping risky database changes.
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---
name: database-migrations
description: Plan additive, zero-downtime schema migrations with rollout, backfill, and rollback awareness. Use when renaming columns, backfilling data, or shipping risky database changes.
metadata:
triggers:
files:
- '**/migrations/*.sql'
- 'prisma/schema.prisma'
- '**/*.entity.ts'
keywords:
- migration
- backfill
- rollout
- rename column
- zero downtime
---
# Database Migrations
## **Priority: P0 (CRITICAL)**
Use expand -> backfill -> contract for risky changes.
## Rules
- Ship additive schema first.
- Backfill with resumable logic and visibility.
- Flip reads/writes only after new shape is populated.
- Drop old columns or indexes in a later safe step.
## Verify
- [ ] Migration can run without taking the app offline.
- [ ] Backfill ownership, batching, and monitoring are defined.
- [ ] Rollback or pause strategy exists.
- [ ] Old and new code paths can coexist during rollout.
## Anti-Patterns
- **No destructive one-shot rename**: expand and migrate first.
- **No hidden backfill**: long data moves need explicit plan and observability.
- **No app deploy coupling by accident**: schema and code rollout order must be clear.
## References
- [Framework Map](../references/framework-map.md)
- [Migration Safety Checklist](references/migration-safety-checklist.md)
